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caput mortuum
''Caput mortuum'' (plural ''capita mortua'') is a Latin term whose literal meaning is "dead head" or "worthless remains," used in alchemy and also as the name of a pigment.
==Alchemy and chemistry==
In alchemy, ''caput mortuum'' (alternately called ''nigredo'') signified a useless substance left over from a chemical operation such as sublimation and the epitome of decline and decay; alchemists represented this residue with a stylized human skull, a literal death's head.
The symbol shown on this page was also used in 18th-century chemistry to mean ''residue'', ''remainder'' or ''residuum''. ''Caput mortuum'' was also sometimes used to mean ''crocus metallorum'', i.e. brownish-red metallic compounds such as ''crocus martis'' (ferrous sulphate), and ''crocus veneris'' (copper oxidule).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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